图书简介

Preface; The official Indo-European hypothesis: the 12 canonical theses; OVERTURE; From the Renaissance to the French Revolution; 1. The search for a long-anticipated discovery; The Indo-European golden legend; Uncertain inventors; The search for an anticipated discovery; A recurring discovery; Why was Leibniz unable to publish in German?; Schizophrenic Europeans; The slow secularization of the world; India, an alternative myth; FIRST MOVEMENT (FROM 1814 TO 1903); All is resolved!; 2. The invention of comparative grammar; The search for origins; On the superiority of (Indo-) European languages; Comparative grammar, a German science?; Colonialism as an understanding of history; August Schleicher and the botany of languages; The young Turks of comparative grammar; Other possible models so soon?; 3. From India to Germania, the return of the wheeled cradle; The Indian cradle; An ephemeral Earthly Paradise; The return of the homeland; Those who refused to repatriate the homeland; From texts to objects; Imaginary communities; The rise of archeological excavations; More primitive; Bathing, kissing and chastity; Linguistics of absence; The return to Germania; Pan-Germanism and anti-Semitism; Occultist beliefs; The ambiguities of official linguistics; 4. The invention of scientific racism; God and the polygenists; The art of measuring skulls; From divine right to nation; The terrors of the Count de Gobineau; A science of man?; Who are the French?; On the origins of the Aryans; Are the Prussians German?; The three positions of French anthropologists on the Indo-European question; Moderation among German anthropologists; Does race exist?; The Count and the Aryan; Sex, fantasies and racisms; The first symptoms of political racism; The mismeasure of man; SECOND MOVEMENT (FROM 1903 TO 1945); Crimes and errors; 5. From comparative grammar to linguistics: a language of leaders?; The ambiguities of Ferdinand de Saussure; Antoine Meillet, chief and master; A language of chiefs; Do you speak a language of civilization?; An instinct for conquest and a love of wide open spaces; Linguistic sentiment?; Meillet versus Schuchardt; The triumph of structural linguistics; And what if there never had been an Original People?; 6. From Aryan Pan-Germanism to Nazism; The methods of archeology; Kossinna’s law; The Kossinnian Indo-German narrative; A pre-eminently German discipline; Erasing the memory of Kossinna; Nazism, one of the possible horizons for the Aryans; The Atlantis of the Far North; Sects and secret societies; Hitler himself was not a believer; The rallying of archeologists; SS against SA, and the pillaging of conquered lands; International cowardice and complicity; 7. A circling cradle; Culture circles of the European Neolithic; Uncertain European chronologies; Childish, not Childeish!; Regarding the superiority of declensions; Skulls and words; The dominance of the Nordic theory; Eminently respectable universities; Weaknesses in the Nordic hypothesis; A die-hard Asiatic cradle; Excavations in central Asia; A return to (Eastern) Europe; The Pontic steppes endure; Marxism and archeology; Marr, Stalin and linguistics; 8. Excesses and crimes of racial theories; Ordinary racism and institutional racism; The anthropological dead-end; Genetics to the rescue; Eugenics and scientific charlatanism; The dreams of German geneticists; From skulls to crimes; And what of France?; Those who collaborated; THIRD MOVEMENT (FROM 1945 TO THE 3RD MILLENNIUM); All is re-resolved!; 9. The Return of the Aryan, pagan, extreme right (from 1945 to the present); A truly New Right?; The magician prodromes; A view from the (extreme) right; From Gobineau to Konrad Lorenz; A re-armed extreme right; The limits of entryism; Contemporary Aryan ideology; A racial Que sais-je?; The racist International; Close collaborations; 10. From racial anthropology to biological anthropology; The twilight of the races; Medals and survivals; From skulls to red blood cells; A truly new synthesis?; We have rediscovered the Indo-Europeans!; Racism by means of psychology and IQ; 11. What archaeology tells us today; The first Europeans; The Neolithic revolution; Sedentary hunter-gatherers; The rise of chiefdoms; What happened on the steppes?; From the Copper Age to the Bronze Age; New power networks; From proto-history to history; The search for the Indo-Europeans; 12. Archeology: What if the Indo-Europeans had always been there?; A nebulous autochthony; Paleolithic continuity?; 13. Did the Indo-Europeans really come from Turkey?; Ex oriente lux; A new hypothesis?; The language of the original Homeland; From Indo-European to Indo-Hittite?; Part of the family tree of all the world’s languages?; Concerning the difficulties of classification; The linguistic impacts of agriculture?; The return of Trubetzkoy; A non-verifiable model; How can we rid ourselves of the initial brief; An incomplete critical approach; 14. Did the Indo-Europeans really come from the Black Sea Steppes?; A (very) old hypothesis; From Vilnius to Los Angeles; Initial cautiousness; The return of the steppes; Feminism and invaders; A new demonstration?; A unified and coherent theory?; The horse, of course and the chariot, naturally!; Warrior invasions or a vicious circle?; And what of genetics?; 15. From prehistory to history: the rediscovered routes taken by the Indo-Europeans?; How do we prove a migration?; The coming of the Greeks; An early Bronze Age arrival; Tiles, gray ware and princely tombs; The arrival of the Aryans in India?; The world of the steppes and national issues; Invisible migrations and Kulturkugel; The mysteries of the Tocharians; Our ancestors, the Celts; Romans and Italics; Hittites and Anatolians; Their ancestors, the Germani; Slavs or Germani?; 16. Georges Dumezil, a French hero; A sense of the epic; The three functions; The original texts; The Dumezil affair; Occupation and occultism; One College, two Academies and a New Right; Trifunctionality and Indo-Europeanness; By excess and by default; Heritages and heredities; The unavoidable detour into archeology; Other mythologists?; Dumezil and the myths; 17. Linguistic reconstructions and models in the 21st century; Discovering original sounds?; What exactly are we reconstructing?; Of roots and words; Thinking in trees; The tree of all the world’s languages; An apple, a hat and a car; Measuring the speed of language evolution; From the tree to the network; 18. Words and things of the Indo-Europeans; The dead-ends of linguistic paleontology; Demonstration by absence; From words to meaning; Regarding Indo-Europeanness; A primordial poetry?; From words to things, and creating the impression of reality; Indo-European, or universal?; How to always be right; FINALE AND 2ND OVERTURE; 19. Models, counter-models, ideologies and errors of logic: are there any alternatives?; How languages change; Invisible conquerors and secular empires; Cultures and ethnic groups; Archeological culture as Nation State?; Lessons from the barbarians; Languages and material cultures; Languages without frontiers; The inadequacy of trees; No language is totally pure; Mixes and interferences; Substrates, adstrates and superstrates; Pidgins and creoles; Sprachbund and the Balkan laboratory; Areal linguistics; The tools of sociolinguistics; Epilogue; An alternative vision: the 12 Indo-European antitheses; Appendices; 1. Simplified chronological table of the main archaeological cultures and civilizations in Eurasia (from - 300 000 BC to the present).; 2. Dates of emergence of the major Indo-European languages.; 3. August Schleicher’s tree of the Indo-European languages.; 4. The development of the Indo-European languages according to Gamkrelidze and Ivanov (1985).; 5. A map of some of the solutions of the Indo-European homeland problem proposed since 1960.; 6. Map of the main archaeological cultures defined in the 1930s.; 7. The Indo-European migrations, after Gustav Kossinna.; 8. The early historical distribution of the main Indo-European speaking peoples.; 9. The neolithization of Europe.; 10. The spread of Indo-European languages, after Colin Renfrew.; 11. Spread of Indo-European people, after Marija Gimbutas’ theories.; 12. Map of the Chalcolithic cultures in the 5th millennium BC.; 13. Map of the Chalcolithic cultures in the 4th millennium BC.; 14. Map of the Chalcolithic cultures in the 3rd millennium BC.; 15. Map of the Chalcolithic cultures in the 2nd millennium BC.; 16. Comparative trees of human genes and language families.; 17. The Indian linguistic area, after Colin Masica; 18. Relationships between the Indo-European languages, after Paul Heggarty; 19. Relationships between the Indo-European languages, after Alfred Kroeber; Bibliography; Index

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