图书简介

FOREWORD; Should You Read This Book?; Summary of the Main Ideas in the Book; Is This Book for You?; How the Book Came About; PART ONE: CONTEXTS SHAPING COMMUNICATION; CHAPTER ONE: THE CHALLENGES OF COMMUNICATION IN THE DEMENTIA CONTEXT; 1.1 Why Is It Difficult to Sustain Effective Communication Practices in Dementia Interaction?; 1.2 Overview of the Book; 1.3 Key Concepts; 1.3.1 Defining ’Dementia’; 1.3.2 Defining ’Communication’; 1.4 Core Orientations; 1.4.1 Personhood; 1.4.2 Recognising the Role of Ego; 1.5 Concluding Remarks; CHAPTER TWO: THE BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF DEMENTIA COMMUNICATION; 2.1 How Do the Brain Changes Associated with Diseases of Dementia Affect Communication?; 2.2 Exploring the Language of People with Alzheimer’s Disease; 2.2.1 Overview of Alzheimer’s Disease; 2.2.2 The Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease on Language; 2.2.3 The Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease on Pragmatic Capabilities; 2.2.4 Language as a Marker of Future Alzheimer’s Disease; 2.3 Language and Communication in Fronto-temporal Lobar Degeneration; 2.3.1 Overview of Fronto-temporal Lobar Degeneration; 2.3.2 The Impact of Semantic Dementia on Communication; 2.4 The Impact on Language and Communication of Other Dementias; 2.5 Pinning Down ’Dementia Communication’; 2.6 Variation in Susceptibility to Diseases of Dementia and Their Symptoms; 2.6.1 Why Do the Brain Changes Affect People and Their Communication Differently?; 2.6.2 Genetic Disposition to Diseases Causing Dementia; 2.6.3 Environmental Factors; 2.6.4 ’Rementia’ and Temporary Lucidity; 2.6.5 Brain and Cognitive Reserve; 2.7 Concluding Remarks; CHAPTER THREE: THE ROLE OF MEMORY IN COMMUNICATION; 3.1 What Constraints on Communication are Imposed by Memory Deficits in Dementia?; 3.2 Long-Term Memory; 3.2.1 Declarative Memory; 3.2.2 Implicit Memory; 3.2.3 Emotional Memory; 3.3 Short-Term and Working Memory; 3.4 How We Bring Information Back to Mind; 3.5 Memory Changes in Normal Aging and in Dementia; 3.6 The Impact of Memory Impairment on Communication; 3.7 A Deeper Look at Episodic Memory and Communication; 3.7.1 Episodic Memory and Autonoetic Experience; 3.7.2 The Unreliability of Episodic Memory; 3.7.3 The Impact of Losing Reliable Episodic Memory; 3.8 Concluding Remarks; CHAPTER FOUR: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF DEMENTIA; 4.1 How Do Social Attitudes and Contexts Shape How We Interact with People Living with a Dementia?; 4.2 Social and Emotional Factors Exacerbating Dementia Symptoms; 4.3 The Construction of Dementia as a Disease; 4.3.1 The Medicalization of Age-related Degenerative Diseases; 4.3.2 The Commodification of Dementia Research; 4.3.3 Defining People by Test Results; 4.3.4 Mild Cognitive Impairment and the Boundary with ’Normal Functioning’; 4.3.5 How People Living with a Dementia are Treated; 4.4 Dementia as a Social Burden; 4.4.1 Western Attitudes to Dementia and Care; 4.4.2 Alternative Perceptions of Dementia; 4.5 The Protection Afforded by ’Social Reserve’; 4.5.1 What is Social Reserve?; 4.5.2 Social Reserve and Social Capital; 4.6 Concluding Remarks; CHAPTER FIVE: THE EXPERIENCE OF DEMENTIA COMMUNICATION; 5.1 How Do Constraints on Communication Shape the Experiences of People Living with a Dementia and Their Carers?; 5.2 Communicating When You Have a Dementia; 5.2.1 Communicating the Dementia Experience; 5.2.2 What People Living with a Dementia Say They Need; 5.3 How Family and Professional Carers Communicate with People Living with a Dementia; 5.3.1 The Emotional Burdens that Carers Bring to an Interaction; 5.3.2 The Expression of Carers’ Emotional Burden; 5.3.3 Interaction between Professional vs Family Carers; 5.4 Conceptualising Emotional Reserve; 5.5 Concluding Remarks; CHAPTER SIX: APPROACHES TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN CARE; 6.1 How Do Approaches to Care Attempt to Address Challenges in Communication?; 6.2 Person-centred and Relationship-centred Care; 6.3 How to Communicate Well with People Living with a Dementia; 6.3.1 Communication Parameters in Care Approaches; 6.3.2 Content; 6.3.3 Presentation of Information; 6.3.4 Pragmatics and Contextual Expectations; 6.3.5 Delivery; 6.3.6 Environment; 6.3.7 Attention to the Person’s Needs; 6.3.8 Affective Orientation; 6.3.9 Nonverbal Communication; 6.3.10 Widening the Scope of Communication; 6.4 Concluding Remarks; PART TWO: CONCEPTUALISING COMMUNICATION; CHAPTER SEVEN: COMMUNICATION PROCESSES; 7.1 How Do We Achieve Impact through Communication?; 7.2 Overview of the Communicative Impact Model; 7.2.1 The Three Components; 7.2.2 The Role of the Hearer; 7.3 Exploring the Context Component; 7.4 Exploring the Resources Component; 7.5 Exploring the Processing Component; 7.6 Matters Arising; 7.6.1 The Dynamics of Three or More; 7.6.2 How Can We Judge Our Communicative Impact?; 7.6.3 Why Does CI Work? What’s in It for the Hearer?; 7.7 Concluding Remarks; CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCEPTUALISING COMMUNICATION; 8.1 How is the Communicative Impact Model Theoretically Justified?; 8.2 Humans’ Drive to Create a Comfortable World; 8.2.1 An Evolutionary Impetus; 8.2.2 Humans’ Priorities in Modifying their World; 8.2.3 Altruism: Promoting the Well-being of Others; 8.3 Pragmatic Theory and the Context Component; 8.4 Getting What We Want; 8.5 Knowing What to Say: the Use of Context; 8.5.1 Defining ’Context’; 8.5.2 Using Context for Communicative Impact; 8.5.3 Building and Structuring Context through Schemas; 8.6 Formulating Output; 8.6.1 Navigating Explicitness; 8.6.2 From Selection to Execution; 8.7 Concluding Remarks; PART THREE: APPLICATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS; CHAPTER NINE: DRIVERS OF DISRUPTED COMMUNICATION; 9.1 Why Is Dementia So Disruptive to Communication?; 9.2 The Role of Context in Sustaining Effective Communication; 9.2.1 Contextual Gaps as a Catalyst for Low Social and Emotional Reserve; 9.2.2 Pronouns as a ’Case Study’ of Context in Communication; 9.3 Dementia Communication: Problems and Responses; 9.4 Unintended Consequences of Meeting Problems with Solutions; 9.5 Awkward Pragmatic Gaps; 9.6 Insights from Second Language Interaction; 9.7 Concluding Remarks; CHAPTER TEN: DIFFERENT IN DEGREE OR KIND? HOW PEOPLE LIVING WITH A DEMENTIA ARE POSITIONED; 10.1 How Does the Conceptual Positioning of People Living with a Dementia Impact on Communication?; 10.1.1 Exploring Degree and Kind; 10.1.2 Manifestations of the Degree and Kind Perspectives; 10.2 The Carers’ Paradox; 10.3 Deception in Dementia Interaction; 10.3.1 Defining Deception; 10.3.2 Nuances of Deception and Truth-telling; 10.3.3 Arguments for and Against Deceiving People Living with a Dementia; 10.3.4 Case Study: Specialized Early Care for Alzheimer’s (SPECAL); 10.3.5 How Do Deceptive Practices Relate to Degree and Kind?; 10.3.6 Unrealistic Expectations?; 10.4 Reconceptualising Degree and Kind; 10.5 Concluding Remarks; CHAPTER ELEVEN: AN AGENDA FOR IMPROVING COMMUNICATION IN THE DEMENTIA CONTEXT; 11.1 What Are the Priorities for Improving Communication by and with People Living with Dementia?; 11.1.1 Why We Communicate; 11.1.2 How Dementia Disrupts Communication; 11.1.3 Emotional and Social Reserve; 11.1.4 Difference in Degree and Kind; 11.1.5 Carers’ Paradox and Awkward Pragmatic Gaps; 11.2 What Do People Living with a Dementia Need from Their Interlocutors?; 11.2.1 Opportunities for Communication; 11.2.2 Real Communication; 11.2.3 Communicative Support; 11.2.4 Kindness and Compassion; 11.2.5 Empowerment: Alternative Routes to Communicative Impact; 11.2.6 Insight and Flexibility; 11.2.7 Building Social and Emotional Reserve; 11.2.8 Respect and Dignity; 11.2.9 Navigating Truth and Deception; 11.3 Towards Better Communication; 11.3.1 Linking New Ideas to Existing Practice; 11.3.2 Mapping Effective Practices for the Interlocutor as Hearer and Speaker; 11.4 Kindness and the Communicative Agenda in Care; 11.5 Concluding Remarks; REFERENCES; ENDNOTES

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