图书简介

1 Empirical Analysis and the Metaphysics of Causation; 1.1 Empirical Analysis; 1.1.1 The Distinctive Features of Empirical Analysis; 1.2 Empirical Analysis of the Metaphysics of Causation; 1.2.1 Effective Strategies; 1.3 Empirical Analysis of the Non-metaphysical Aspects of Causation; 1.4 Causation as Conceptually Tripartite; 1.5 A Sketch of the Metaphysics of Causation; 1.6 Fundamental and Derivative; 1.6.1 The Kinetic Energy Example; 1.6.2 Some Constitutive Principles of Fundamentality; 1.7 Abstreduction; 1.8 STRICT Standards and RELAXED Standards; 1.9 Limitations on the Aspirations of Empirical Analysis; 1.10 Comparison between Empirical Analysis and Orthodox Analysis; 1.11 Summary; I THE BOTTOM CONCEPTUAL LAYER OF CAUSATION; 2 Fundamental Causation; 2.1 Preliminaries; 2.1.1 Events; 2.1.2 Laws; 2.2 Terminance; 2.2.1 Causal Contribution; 2.2.2 Trivial Terminance; 2.3 The Space-time Arena; 2.4 Classical Gravitation; 2.4.1 Galilean Space-time; 2.4.2 Terminants in Classical Gravitation; 2.4.3 Overdetermination in Classical Gravitation; 2.4.4 Instantaneous Causation; 2.5 Relativistic Electromagnetism; 2.5.1 Minkowski Space-time; 2.5.2 Minimal Terminants in Relativistic Electromagnetism; 2.5.3 Classical Unified Field Theory; 2.6 Content Independence; 2.7 Continuity and Shielding; 2.8 Transitivity; 2.9 Determinism; 2.10 Stochastic Indeterminism; 2.10.1 Stochastic Lattices; 2.10.2 A Toy Theory of Particle Decay; 2.11 Non-stochastic Indeterminism; 2.11.1 Newtonian Indeterminism; 2.11.2 Contribution Extended; 2.12 General Relativity; 2.12.1 Spatio-temporal Indeterminism; 2.12.2 Closed Time-like Curves; 2.13 Quantum Mechanics; 2.13.1 The Quantum Arena and its Contents; 2.13.2 Bohmian Mechanics; 2.13.3 Spontaneous Collapse Interpretations; 2.13.4 Other Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics; 2.14 Summary; II THE MIDDLE CONCEPTUAL LAYER OF CAUSATION; 3 Counterfactuals and Difference-making; 3.1 General Causation; 3.2 Counterfactuals; 3.3 Goodman’s Account of Counterfactuals; 3.4 The Nomic Conditional; 3.5 Comparison to Ordinary Language Conditionals; 3.6 Prob-dependence; 3.7 Contrastive Events; 3.8 Summary; 4 Derivative Causation; 4.1 Influence; 4.2 Prob-influence; 4.3 General Causation; 4.4 Temporally Extended Events; 4.5 Idiomatic Differences between Promotion and Causation; 4.6 Aspect Promotion; 4.7 Promotion by Omission; 4.8 Contrastivity; 4.9 Transitivity; 4.10 Continuity; 4.11 Shielding; 4.12 Partial Influence; 4.13 Summary; 5 The Empirical Content of Promotion; 5.1 The Promotion Experiment; 5.2 Insensitivity Considerations; 5.3 Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics; 5.4 The Asymmetry of Bizarre Coincidences; 5.5 The Analogy to Thermal and Mechanical Energy; 5.6 Broad and Narrow Promotion; 5.7 Inferences from Empirical Data to Claims of Promotion; 5.7.1 Simpson’s Paradox; 5.8 Why There are Effective Strategies; 5.9 Mechanistic Theories of Causation; 6 Backtracking Influence; 6.1 The Direction of Influence; 6.2 Proof of Causal Directness; 6.3 A Search for Empirical Phenomena Behind Causal Directness; 6.4 ’Past-directed then Future-directed’ Influence; 7 Causal Asymmetry; 7.1 The Empirical Content of the Causal Asymmetry; 7.2 Causation and Advancement; 7.3 An Explanation of the Advancement Asymmetry; 7.3.1 Prob-influence through Backtracking; 7.3.2 Directly Past-directed Prob-influence; 7.3.3 Summary; 7.4 Pseudo-backtracking Prob-influence; 7.5 The Entropy Asymmetry and Causal Directionality; 7.6 Recent Alternative Explanations of Causal Asymmetry; 7.6.1 The Albert-Kutach-Loewer Approach; 7.6.2 The Price-Weslake Approach; 7.6.3 The Fork Asymmetry Approach; 7.7 Fundamental Influence Asymmetry; 7.7.1 Fundamental Influence Asymmetry by Fiat; 7.7.2 Fundamental Influence Asymmetry by Happenstance; 7.8 Summary; III THE TOP CONCEPTUAL LAYER OF CAUSATION; 8 Culpable Causation; 8.1 The Empirical Insignificance of Culpability; 8.1.1 Part I: Singular Causation; 8.1.2 Part II: General Causation; 8.2 Culpability as a Heuristic for Learning about Promotion; 8.3 Culpability as an Explanatory Device; 8.4 Culpable Causes as Proxies for Terminants and Promoters; 8.5 Commentary; 9 The Psychology of Culpable Causation; 9.1 The Toy Theory of Culpable Causation; 9.2 Culpability1; 9.2.1 Salience; 9.2.2 Irreflexivity; 9.2.3 Asymmetry; 9.2.4 Significant Promotion; 9.3 Shortcomings of Culpability1; 9.3.1 Precise Character of the Effect; 9.3.2 Overlapping Causation; 9.3.3 Probability-Lowering Causes; 9.4 Culpability2; 9.5 Shortcomings of Culpability2; 9.5.1 Saved Fizzles; 9.5.2 Early Cutting Preemption; 9.5.3 Late Cutting Preemption; 9.6 Culpability3; 9.7 Culpability4; 9.8 Summary; 10 Causation in a Physical World; 10.1 Summary; 10.2 Future Directions; References

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